Isro Gslv

GSLV Mk II is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle designed primarily for geosynchronous orbit delivery. The stack consists of a solid first stage (S139) augmented by four liquid strap-on boosters, a liquid second stage, and a cryogenic upper stage burning LH2/LOX.^[1][2] Payload capacity is 2,500 kg to GTO, 6,000 kg to LEO, and 3,000 kg to SSO; the standard payload fairing is 3.4 m in diameter, with a 4 m ogive variant introduced from 2021.^[2][3]

The Mk II configuration first flew in April 2010 and achieved its first successful mission in January 2014.^[1] The vehicle is active for government missions as of its most recent flight in July 2025.^[1] Meteorological Earth observation missions carried include INSAT-3DR (2016) and INSAT-3DS (2024).^[1] This entry covers Mk II only; Mk III (LVM3) is a separate vehicle.