EO·Atlas
InSAR - surface deformation
Measures millimetre-scale ground surface displacement by comparing phase differences between repeat SAR passes; good for subsidence, earthquake deformation, and volcanic monitoring.
Interferometric phase encodes range change between passes. Requires precise orbit knowledge and temporal coherence between acquisitions. Wikipedia: Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
- C-SAR
- CityScan
CityScan is an operational InSAR-based deformation monitoring product; Sensar technology page confirms satellite radar interferometry with millimetre-scale measurements and up to 180,000 points per km2
- DikeScan
DikeScan is an operational InSAR-based dike deformation monitoring product; Sensar technology page confirms satellite radar interferometry and millimetre-scale settlement measurements along 10m longitudinal profiles
- InfraScan
InfraScan is an operational InSAR-based linear-infrastructure deformation monitoring product; Sensar technology page confirms satellite radar interferometry for roads, rail, and pipeline hotspot detection
- SkyGeo Infrastructure InSAR Monitoring
SkyGeo Infrastructure InSAR Monitoring is an operational InSAR ground-motion monitoring service; SkyGeo confirmed use of Sentinel-1 satellite data; PSI (Persistent Scatterer InSAR) implied by high point density (up to 100,000/km2) and historical data back to 1992; data continuity from Sentinel-1C confirmed in company news
- GroundPulse Infrastructure Displacement Intelligence
- COSMIC-EYE Infrastructure Monitoring
- Survey Intelligence Ground Deformation Monitoring
- FastGBSAR
FastGBSAR-S operates as a ground-based interferometric SAR producing 2D displacement maps every 10s with 0.1mm accuracy at up to 4km range. Ku-band 17.2 GHz. Peer-reviewed publications at IEEE IGARSS 2012 and SPIE 2014 confirm operational interferometric deformation monitoring capability.
- SAR-C (Gaofen-3)
via Gaofen-3 (GF-3)
Gaofen-3 repeat-pass interferometric SAR experiments and WMO measurement evaluation support InSAR use.
- SAR-2000
via COSMO-SkyMed
COSMO-SkyMed SAR-2000 supports interferometry-oriented X-band SAR acquisition and WMO records glacier/topography variables.
- NISAR L-band SAR
via NISAR
NISAR nisar-l-band-sar supports SAR imaging, repeat-pass InSAR, and polarimetric SAR modes per NASA/ISRO mission sources.
- NISAR S-band SAR
via NISAR
NISAR nisar-s-band-sar supports SAR imaging, repeat-pass InSAR, and polarimetric SAR modes per NASA/ISRO mission sources.
- PAZ SAR
via PAZ
PAZ/TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X constellation supports interferometric surface-movement monitoring.
- StriX SAR
via Synspective StriX
Synspective's Land Displacement Monitoring solution is served by StriX SAR data.
- CSG-SAR
via COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation
CEOS states CSG preserves precision required for interferometric activities.
- SAR-L (SAOCOM L-band SAR)
via SAOCOM-1A
SAOCOM-1 stripmap SAR data has demonstrated InSAR deformation use.
- Capella X-band SAR
via Capella Space SAR constellation
Capella Acadia repeat-track precision supports InSAR use of Capella SAR imagery.
- TerraSAR-X SAR
via TerraSAR-X
TerraSAR-X repeat-pass SAR imagery is used for interferometric surface-deformation workflows.
- ICEYE X-band SAR
- RoadEO road quality monitoring and prediction
RoadEO uses satellite SAR data for road infrastructure monitoring; InSAR surface deformation measurement is consistent with their radar remote sensing specialist hiring and pavement deformation tracking use case.
- Ground SAR Processor
- MetaSAR-C
MetaSAR-C supports single-pass and repeat-pass interferometry in stripmap mode
- MetaSAR-L
MetaSAR-L supports repeat-pass interferometry for DInSAR surface deformation monitoring per UAV campaign
- MetaSAR-X
- SAR-X (RISAT-2 series)
RISAT-2 SAR-X is evaluated by WMO for interferometric/topographic variables; kept as capable for RISAT-2BR1 pending mission-specific validation.
Decomposes backscatter into scattering mechanisms (surface, double-bounce, volume) using multi-polarisation data; good for forest structure estimation, urban mapping, and soil moisture retrieval.
Synthetic-aperture radar amplitude imaging: measures the surface normalized radar cross-section (sigma-nought) at high spatial resolution, day-night and cloud-independent. The base SAR sensing method underlying ocean wind retrieval, wave-mode spectra, flood mapping, and change detection.
Real-aperture radar that measures normalized radar cross-section from multiple azimuth angles to retrieve ocean surface wind vectors (speed and direction) over wide swaths at ~12-25 km resolution. Distinct from SAR: non-imaging, coarse-resolution, optimised for global daily wind fields.
- [1]Wikipedia: Interferometric synthetic-aperture radarcommunity2026-05-22
Edited from public sources. Last reviewed 2026-05-22 by SpectraWorks editorial. See the data dictionary for field definitions.
How to cite this page
Plain text
InSAR - surface deformation. EO-Atlas, SpectraWorks B.V., last reviewed 2026-05-22. https://eo-atlas.org/topics/methodologies/insar-surface-deformation (CC BY 4.0)
BibTeX
@misc{eoatlas:topics:methodologies:insar-surface-deformation,
title = {InSAR - surface deformation},
author = {{EO-Atlas}},
publisher = {SpectraWorks B.V.},
year = {2026},
note = {Last reviewed 2026-05-22. CC BY 4.0},
url = {https://eo-atlas.org/topics/methodologies/insar-surface-deformation}
}