CO2

CO2 monitoring uses satellite measurements of column-averaged atmospheric carbon dioxide and plume or regional enhancements, and it is distinct from accounting-only emissions inventory.^[1][2]

The primary modality is SWIR absorption spectroscopy near carbon dioxide bands, with high radiometric precision, cloud screening, aerosol correction, and inverse modelling needed for flux attribution.^[1][3]

Global carbon dioxide column products are mature, and anthropogenic point-source and city-scale monitoring is an emerging Copernicus CO2M class capability.^[1][3]

SWIR absorption supports broad column anomaly screening, regional or urban flux estimation with atmospheric inversion models, and concentrated industrial plume detection where spatial resolution and precision are sufficient.^[1][3]

Point-source carbon dioxide attribution is harder than methane attribution because background variability and plume contrast are lower, and most atmospheric sounding configurations are too coarse for facility attribution.^[1][3]