Subsidence

Subsidence monitoring maps downward ground motion, deformation rates, displacement time series, and hotspots for assets, cities, basins, and coastal zones.^[1][2] InSAR measures land subsidence from space by comparing radar phase between satellite acquisitions.^[1] InSAR can map spatial patterns of subsidence, with coherence, atmospheric correction, and viewing geometry controlling interpretation.^[1] Sentinel-1-class SAR supplies repeat radar imagery used for land and hazard monitoring, including ground-motion applications.^[3][2] Multisensor workflows combine InSAR time series with geology, groundwater, GNSS, and infrastructure context for attribution and risk scoring.^[1][2]