Permafrost and ground ice monitoring tracks thaw, active-layer change, thermokarst risk, and surface deformation from local infrastructure corridors to circumpolar grids.^[1]^[2]

InSAR is the primary EO method for thaw-related ground ice loss because freeze-thaw and ice melt appear as heave, subsidence, or creep at the surface.^[2]^[3]

Thermal infrared, snow and land-cover products, passive microwave freeze-thaw indicators, and SAR provide complementary constraints, while subsurface ice content remains an inferred condition.^[1]^[2]

What's available today

2 data products and 54 sensors. Start with the most-used; switch to Filter for the full catalogue.

2 Data products

0 Services

54 Sensors

2 open

Data products

Open Landsat Collection 2 Surface Temperature

Open Sentinel-1 GRD IW

Advanced Microwave Radiometer - Climate Quality Sentinel-6B

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) GCOM-W1 (Shizuku)

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 3 (AMSR3) GOSAT-GW (IBUKI GW)

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) Aqua

AEISS-A KOMPSAT-3A

ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) Terra

C-SAR —

Capella X-band SAR Capella Space SAR constellation

CBERS-4 Infrared Multispectral Scanner 2 CBERS-4

CityScan —

Copernicus EMS On Demand Mapping —

COSI (Corea SAR Instrument) KOMPSAT-5

COSMIC-EYE Area Monitoring —

COSMIC-EYE Infrastructure Monitoring —

CSG-SAR COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation

DikeScan —

ECOSTRESS (ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station) ECOSTRESS ISS deployment

FastGBSAR —

FY-4B Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager FY-4B

GPM Microwave Imager GPM Core Observatory

GroundPulse Infrastructure Displacement Intelligence —

High Resolution Microwave Radiometer Sentinel-6B

HY-2B Microwave Radiometer Imager HY-2B

HY-2C Calibration Microwave Radiometer HY-2C

HY-2D Calibration Microwave Radiometer HY-2D

Infrared Multispectral Scanner - 2 Huan Jing-2A

InfraScan —

Microwave Radiometer (MWR) Sentinel-3B

MIRAS SMOS

MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Terra

MSU-MR VIS/IR Imaging Radiometer Meteor-M N2-4

MTVZA-GY Imaging/Sounding Microwave Radiometer Meteor-M N2-4

NISAR L-band SAR NISAR

NISAR S-band SAR NISAR

PAZ SAR PAZ

SAR-2000 COSMO-SkyMed

SAR-C (EOS-04) EOS-04

SAR-C (Gaofen-3) Gaofen-3 (GF-3)

SAR-L (SAOCOM L-band SAR) SAOCOM-1A

SAR-X (RISAT-2 series) RISAT-2BR1

SARah active phased-array SAR SARah

SkyGeo Infrastructure InSAR Monitoring —

SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer) Sentinel-3A

SMAP Radiometer SMAP

Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager Meteosat-10

SSMIS —

StriX SAR Synspective StriX

Survey Intelligence Ground Deformation Monitoring —

SWOT Microwave Radiometer Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT)

TerraSAR-X SAR TerraSAR-X

TIRS (Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor) Landsat 8

VectorSurv Vectorborne Disease Surveillance System —

Verde —

WSF-M Microwave Imager (MWI) WSF-M1

Sources

[1]ESA Climate Change Initiative Permafrost ECV projectagency doc2026-05-27
[2]ESA summary of permafrost monitoring from space reviewagency doc2026-05-27
[3]NASA-ISRO SAR permafrost applications overviewagency doc2026-05-27