Warsaw Framework for REDD+ MRV

Multilateral methodology framework adopted at COP 19 (Warsaw, December 2013) governing how developing countries measure, report, and verify forest emission reductions to access results-based payments. Comprises seven decisions (9/CP.19 through 15/CP.19) covering results-based finance, national forest monitoring systems, forest reference emission levels, safeguards information, and MRV modalities. Decision 11/CP.19 mandates national forest monitoring systems combine remote sensing with ground-based inventory, making satellite-derived forest area change data an obligatory input to national REDD+ reporting. Integrated under Article 5 of the Paris Agreement; in force as of 2026.