PAMI-1

PAMI-1 is the first Dutch Defence EO satellite, an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) mission for the Netherlands Armed Forces, operated by the Defence Space Security Centre of the Royal Dutch Air Force. The spacecraft is built on a Blue Canyon Technologies Saturn ESPA-grande bus, which supports up to approximately 200 kg of payload capacity.^[1][2]

According to operator and developer press releases, the primary payload is the cosine Valk VHR electro-optical sensor, described as providing very high-resolution visible and spectral imaging.^[3] A secondary payload, TScout HP, is described by the operator as a high-resolution thermal infrared imager for night and low-visibility ISR operations. FSO Instruments states that laser satellite communications are provided by their technology.^[1] The consortium is led by FSO Instruments and Axient Systems, with VDL ETG as contract manufacturer and TNO and NLR as research partners.^[1][3]

Launch is targeted for early 2028, according to cosine press sources from 2025.^[3] Earlier sources from FSO Instruments and Holland High Tech cited first-half 2027; the 2028 estimate reflects the more recent schedule.^[1][4] Orbit type and altitude had not been confirmed in publicly available documentation at time of research. Launch vehicle had not been publicly confirmed.